Electrical ozonizer.



No. 788,557. PATBNTED MAY 2, 1905.

' y G. A. SAHLSTRM# ELECTRICAL OZONIZER. APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 21, 19.04.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 788,557. PATENTED MAY 2, 1905. C. A. SAHLSTRM.

ELECTRICAL OZONIZER.

APPLIUATION FILED JUNE 21, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

No. '788,557'.y

Nima

STATES Patented May i2, 1905.

ATENT OFFICE.

ELEcrRncAn. ozoNnzEn.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 788,557, dated May 2, 1905.`

' i l Application led J une 21, 1904. Serial No. 213,568.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, kCARL ADOLPH SAHL- sTRM, engineer, of the city of Ottawa, in the county of Carleton, Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Ozonizers,'of which the following is a specification..

My invention relates to improvements in electrical ozonizers; and the objects of. my

invention are to provide a cheap and simple device by means of which the oxygen of the air or a very large Yproportion thereof may be conveniently converted into ozone, further objects being to devise simple means for causing the circulation of air through the apparatus and for directing the current of ozone tothe desired places; and it consists, essentially, of an electrode or a plurality of electrodes, each consisting of a sheet of glass or other insulating material, a number of points all connected electrically at their bases and in contact with the glass at their bent ends, a suitplace at every point will convert the oxygen in the vicinityof such point into ozone, the various details being constructed and arranged as hereinafter more particularly described.

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of one of the simplest forms which my invention may take. Fig. 2 is a Side view of any form of the device with the electrodes arranged around a cylindrical glass tube. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a small piece of one of the electrodes. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a complete apparatus in which my invention is em.

bodied. Fig. 5 is a sectional View of the same. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the connections Which may be used. Fig. 7 is an alternative form of electrode. Fig. 8 is an alternativernethod of arranging the electrodes, in which similar electrodes are used in both sides of the glass plate.

In the drawings like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in eachfigure.

To insure purity ofthe ozone generated, it is necessary that the resistance to the'ow of the electrical current should be such that a low voltage can be used, as a high voltage not only heats the apparatus, but the nitrogen of the air, producing dangerous nitrogenous compounds.

It is known that electricity flows more readily from -a sharp point than from a round or fiat surface. Therefore in my device for the positive electrode I make use of a metal sheet with a large number of sharp points projecting from it arranged so that theuair has free access to each point. To attain the best results, each point must actually touch the dielectric, as even a very thin layer of air,

which is comparatively a poorer conductor than metal, will to some degree hinder the free ow of the electricity and tend to produce sparks, thereby rendering the ozone produced impure. I accomplish this by having my electrode constructed of a ieXible material with a plurality of tongues downwardly stamped out therefrom, whereby the application of a slight pressure on the electrode will bring every point in contact with the dielectric. For this reason it is'necessary that each tongue ending-,in a point or points, in addtionto having a degree of iiexiloility,y should be strong enough to stand the necessary pressure. Within certain limits the eiciency of the electrode varies directly, according to the number of points in contact with the dielectric. The arrangement of -points I use is therefore such as to give the largest possible number of 'points consistent with reserving free means. of access for the air to and around each point.

Referring to Fig. l, it will be seen that I have shown here one form of my invention in which a a a a are four ofthe electrodes of the form which I have invented and which I consider preferable for use in machines of this type. In Fig. 3 asmall portion of one of these electrodes is shown, and it will be seen that they consist of a sheet of thin metal having triangular -shaped points b Stamped shown in detail in Fig. 3.

out and turned down. These triangular tongues are bent at an angle to the perpendicular, so that they will be resiliently held in contact with the dielectric. These points are all adapted to bein contact with insulating-sheets c, preferably of glass,l but, if desirable, of any other suitable material. On the other side of each insulating glass plate .is located a second electrode d, and for purposes of explanation we will consider this electrode as the negative and the electrodes a as the positives. 'Ihe negative electrode 0l may be constructed in a form similar to the electrode a; but as in practice it is impossible to arrange the electrode-plates so that the individual points of each are exactly opposite to each other an electrode constructed of wiregauze is preferable. As the current always takes the shortest path.l the slightest difference in distance'between opposing points decreases the elijciency of the apparatus. Below the wire-gauze or negative electrode d an insulating-plate e of glass or the like is located. Then cornes another positive electrode a, a sheet c of glass, a negative electrode d, and so on to as great an extent as is desirable. These electrodes are all placed between upper and lower plates f and g, and by suitable pressure upon these plates the points of the electrodes may all be forced intov close contact with the glass, so that there is no intervening air-space between the points and the surface of the glass. The positive electrodes are all electrically connected with the positive terminal to a suitable source of electrical power and the negative electrodes to the negative terminal thereof, and when a sufficiently high voltage is used it will be found that the current passes through the glass insulating-plates from the points of the positive electrode to the nearest point where the negative electrode is in contact with the insulating glass plate. At every one of these points of the electrodes there is a small blue spark or discharge, which may be observed if the machine is operated in a dark room, and the result is that Wherever this Haine appears the oxygen of the air is being converted into ozone, so that by using a very large number of points it will be readily seen that the air in a room may be very rapidly ozonized.

In the alternative form, Fig. 2, the outside electrode L is placed around a'cylindrical glass tube z', within which is located the inner electrode j, which may be of wire-gauze or of similar construction to the outer one, as

An outside enveloping tubular glass casing c is provided, and the ends thereof are closed by suitable means. Air is forced through the machine, entering through a tube Z and leaving through a tube m, and during its passage a large proportion of the oxygen contained therein is converted mto ozone.

Referring now to Fig. 4, in which a complete apparatus is shown, 11.- is a box or case in which is located a cylindrical casing 0, which contains suitable frames p at the ends thereof adapted to support a plurality of cylindrical tubes q, provided with positive and negative electrodes 7' and s, respectively, which may be similaiin form to those described above. A fan t is provided in the casing and is adapted to be electrically driven, thereby forcing a blast of air through the apparatus and out by means of the outlet u, this air entering through the holes e in the box or case. suitable step-up transformer or induction-coil w is provided on the top of the casing, so that the apparatus may be connected to the ordinary line-wires of anincandescent system and a sufliciently high voltage may be produced to force the current through the insulation` between the positive and negative electrodes.

The wiring in Fig. 6 shows the ordinary line-wires n: and 'y of an incandescent lightingcircuit. To these wires the primary s of the induction-coil or step-up transformer is connected. The'secondary 2 is connected at one end to all the positive terminals or electrodes of the machine, and the opposite end of the secondary is connected to the negative termina s.

It has been found in operating that a machine constructed as above is very effective in ozonizing the oxygen of the air, and if placed in a room and run for a comparatively short time the percentage of ozone in the room is noticeably increased in a very few minutes.

It will thus be seen that I have devised a machine which will produce ozone at such a small cost that it is within tle reach of practically any one who desires to make use of the ozone for any purpose whatever. The device, however, has several uses which are of the greatest importance, principal among which is the treatment of consumptives, as it has been found by experiment that consumptives are greatly benefited by having the machine operated for about half an hour or an hour a day in their room, as ozone is well known to be one of the best agents for destroying disease germs and for destroying impure vegetable or animal matter which may be contained in the atmosphere. The ozone produced by the machine may also be used for purifying water and for other uses. Up to the present it has been almost impossible to use ozone commercially for these purposes; but it may be made so cheaply by my device that it is possible to bring it into commercial use for these and other purposes.

It is to be understood that the details of construction ofA the machines which I have shown for embodying my invention are of minor importance, the chief feature of the invention being the electrodes consisting of a large number of points electrically connected together and in contact at their extremities With sheets of glass or other insulating mate-v IOO IIO

rialWvhi/ch have similar points on their opposite surfaces.

What I claim as my invention is- 1. In an ozonizer in combination a dielectric, a positive electrode held in resilient contact with the said dielectric and consisting of Y a flexible sheet of metal having therein a plurality of tongues downwardly stamped out therefrom as and for the purpose-specified.

2. In an ozonizer in comhinationpla dielectric, a positive electrode held in resilient contact with the said dielectricl consisting of a flexible sheet of metal having a plurality of small tongues all of the same length stamped out close together and in regular order as and for the purpose specified.

3. In apparatus of the class described, in combination a positive electrode consisting of a thin iexible sheet of metal provided'with a plurality of small tongues all of the same length stamped out close together and in regular order, a negative electrode consisting of a sheet of wire-netting, a sheet of dielectric material interposed between the electrodes and inactual contact with both, substantially as described. -f

4. In a device of the class described, in com# bination a tube of dielectric material open at both ends, a positive electrode in contact with the outside thereof, consisting` of a thin'flexible sheet provided with a plurality of small tongues stamped out therefrom, a negative electrode in contact with the inside of the cylinder consisting of a sheet of Wire-netting and means for passing an electrical current from one electrode through the dielectric to the other electrode, substantially as described.

5. In a device of the class described, in combination a tube of dielectric material open at both ends, a positive electrode in contact with the outside thereof, consisting of a thin flexible sheet of metal provided with a plurality of small triangular tongues of the same length n and which are stamped out close together and in regular order, all the points of the said electrode being in actual contact with the dielectric material, a negative electrode in contact with the inside of the dielectric tube consisting of a sheet of wire-netting and means for passing electric current from one electrode through the dielectric material to the other electrode, substantially as described;`

6. In an ozonizer in combination a dielectric a positive electrode held in resilient contact with the said dielectric consisting of a fiexible sheet of metal' having therein a plurality of tongues downwardly stamped out therefrom, and a negative electrode consisting of a sheet of wire-gauze as and for the purpose specified.

Signed at the city of May, 1904.

CARL ADOLPH SAHLSTROM. Witnesses:

EDWARD P. FETHERSTONHAUGH, MAY LYON.

of Ottawa this 26th day 

